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Constitutional Rights

Foundational cases organized by issue.

Stops & Frisks

Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)

Police may briefly detain on reasonable suspicion and frisk for weapons when they reasonably believe the person is armed and dangerous.

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Traffic Stops

Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348 (2015)

Police may not prolong a completed traffic stop for unrelated investigation without independent reasonable suspicion.

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Consent

Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973)

Consent must be voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.

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Bail

Stack v. Boyle, 342 U.S. 1 (1951)

Bail higher than reasonably calculated to assure appearance is excessive.

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